BASIC COMPUTER OPERATION

NOFAL ANSHORULLAH


In the field of information technology, computer is a tool that can provide information. Information is the result of the process data from the data diinput. Input that is known by computer is the number 0 and 1 as a binary (Binary Code Decimal). Computer is a need for absolute government agencies and private institutions, at first, only stand-alone computer with no one connected with other (stand alone).


1.1 on and off the computer in accordance with the Procedure

A. Macam System Unit Port (Console)

One unit consists of a computer CPU, monitor, keybord and mouse. CPU is the system unit or console which has a few ports. Port on the computer to function as the interface between a computer with the computer or with a unit (device) other. In general, the port used to connect a monitor, keyboard, mouse, modem, and other peripherals. Port has its own standard forms, such as a port for the keyboard rounded shape. Here are some types of port:

1. Serial port, this port has nine pins used to connect

Mouse, joystick, and an external modem

2. Parallel port, this port is used to connect the CPU to the printer and

An external modem and other peripherals with a parallel port for the cable.

3. PS / 2, this port is called with type2 serial port that is used to connect

Kan keyboard and keyboard port mouse.Untuk purple and to port

Mouse green.

4. USB (Universal Serial Bus) port is a port that can be multifunctional

Used on some devices, such as mouse, keyboard, modem, wireless card

, etc..

B. Computer equipment support

To turn on and off the computer, there are some procedures that need to be. Before the procedure and the computer shut off, and so that we can work with comfortably, there are some additional equipment that is required, namely:

Installation of electricity both

Installation of electricity will provide a good sense of security and convenience for users computer.Kabel power digunakanuntuk the computer must be really good and resistant to heat.

Stabilizer

This serves to stabilize the voltage of electricity into the power supply computer.Kita do not know if the voltage electricity that we use sometimes a drop in power or rise suddenly, with the stabilizer it can diantasipasi.

Uninteruptible Power Supply (UPS)

This tool as backup power (battery) when the lamp power can save padam.UPS about 3-5 hours so that we can continue the work.

Air Conditioner (AC)

Actually this tool as pendingan AC ruangan.Namun also very useful to reduce the excessive heat in the laboratory computer.Terutama that have multiple computer, will need to use AC.

C. Procedure for Turning on and off the Computer

Turning on and turning off the computer is very important that the computer can function properly. Here is the procedure with the computer and turn off the Windows XP operating system.

1. Turning on Computer

Check whether the power cable is connected to the UPS and stabilizer and the stabilizer before the UPS is connected with electricity.

Check the keyboard, mouse, and monitor whether already connected with each portnya maing.

Check diskette (Floppy Disk) on the floppy drive A. If there is remove the first diskette. This is because the computer the first time booting akan membca diskette in the floppy drive A.

Press power on the UPS and stabilizer, and then press power on the CPU monitor dn. Wait to run until finished booting.

After booting is complete desktop will appear.

2. Computer death

Make sure all applications are closed.

Click Start on the Taskbar.

Click Turn Off (Windows XP) / Shutdown for the previous version.

Click Turn Off.

Wait until the process of logging off the computer is completed.

Then, turn off the computer by pressing the power button is the button on the CPU and monitor.

Next, turn off the device, such as a stabilizer and UPS.

1.2 Software Information System dalm

1. The History of Software

The software is a program that contains instructions to perform data processing. Data processing software which is machine-like (desire engine) and start now with the changed nature of human-like (human desire). In theory, hierarchy of information ranging from structured data / facts, data processing and pengurutan with the selection process samapai into something useful form of information. Informsi systematically organized with a logical flow into certain knowledge (knowledge).




Data



Data Processing



Information



Knowledge

Figure 1.7 Hierarchy Information

Based on its development, the software is divided into several eras, namely:

* Era beginners (pioneer)

Form of software in the first connection is a cable connection to the computer in antarbagian. How to access the computer using a punched card is the card that dilubangi. The use of computer time is still conducted directly by a program for a machine with a particular purpose.

* Era stable

In the era of stable use of computer has been used, not only by the peniliti and colleges, but also by the industry / company. On this era began to known database system, which separates between the program (processing) data with (processed).

* Era micro

In line with the development of information and the extent of the network computer, the software is also developed to meet the needs of individuals. The software can be divided into system software responsible for handling the internal and the application software that is used directly by the user for a particular purpose.

* Modern Era

When this software is there where, not only on a supercomputer with 25 processors is, a handheld computer also comes with software that can be synchronized with a PC. Not only the computer, even equipment such as telephone, TV, washing machines, air conditioners, and microwave, has ditanamkan software to manage the operation of equipment.

B. Macam-Macam Software

Software or software divided into 4 types, namely: operating system (Operating System), the application (Application Programs), programming language (Programming Language), and the program bantu (Utility).

1. Operating System (Operating System)

Operating System is the beginning of the program that controls the computer system of a fundamental set of the input, process and output, including the memory and set the schedule of the processor. Operating system functions as a link between people with the hardware and software that will be used. Some examples of system operation is as follows.

* IBM-DOS (IBM - Disk Operating System)
* MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)
* Microsoft Windows
* OS / 2
* OS / 400
Linux *
* Unix
* Sun Microsystems

Interaction between the user and the computer is known through 2 ways.

* CUI (Character User Interface) is giving instructions through the command
* GUI (Graphical User Interface) is giving instructions on how to point (pointer) on the display.

2. Program Applications

The program is a software application designed specifically for the needs of specific needs. Based on the needs of the needs of the application program will be divided into:

* Word Processing is the application that is oriented in a word, for example, WordStar, Word Perfect, ChiWriter, and Microsoft Word. This application helps us create a document in a letter, curriculum vitae, and the paper. Software word processing is divided into two based text and graphics. The most common software used is based graphics, such as Microsoft Word.
* The spreadsheet is an application-oriented processing of numbers, for example: Lotus, SuperCalc, Quattro, Symphony, and Microsoft Excel.
* Presentation of the application that is oriented to present the paper, such as Microsoft PowerPoint and Macromedia Flash. This application helps us in the present paper a more professional and interesting with animated text and images.
* Database is an application oriented data processing, for example, dBase III +, Fox Base, Foxpro, Microsoft Access. This application helps us in managing the data, for example, student data, sales data, purchase, supply of goods. Example software is text-based database is dBase III + and a graphical-based software is Microsoft Access.
* Desktop Publishing application that is oriented on the picture (graphic design), for example, Ventura, Page Maker, CorelDraw, and PhotoShop. This application is widely used in the printing world. This application helps us to create and edit images, digital photos, posters, brochures, leafet.
* Multimedia is an application that can be used with some media through computer, PDA, mobile phone and other information technology equipment such as Winamp, Real Player, and Media Player.
* Internet application is used to assist in the search for the application of information and communication network through the Internet, such as Internet Explorer, MozillaFire Fox, chat and messenger.
* CAD (computer aid design) applications that are processing-oriented design and building construction machinery, such as AutoCAD.

3. Programming Language (Programming Language)

Software programming language (programming language) is the software used and work to make an application using the language with the language specific rules or procedures. There are three high-level programming languages, namely:

* Low-level language (low level language)

This language is also called the machine language (assembler), where a language is by using the code numbers 0 and 1. Including the language into the machine this is Machine Language, Assembly Language, and RPG (Report Program Generator) is a program for designing the report.

* High-level language (high level language)

This language is included in the programming language that is easy to learn by using the user's computer because the English language. Examples are BASIC, Cobol, FORTRAN, Pascal.

* Fourth-generation language (4 GL)

4 GL programming language (Fourth Generation Language) is a language that is object oriented which is called Object Oriented Programming (oop), Software 4 GL language among Visual Basic, Delphi, Visual C + +.

4. Program Helps (Utility)

This software works as an application in the adjuvant activity associated with the computer format such as floppy disks, data mengopi, mengkompres files, etc.. This software are as follows:

* Utility Norton (Norton Commander, Norton Disk Doctor)

Norton Commander is a utility in managing the files that provide facilities in mengopi file, create a folder or directory, change the file name.

* WinZip, this application is very useful for mengkompres file. Mengkompres is to change the size of a large file into small, so that when akan membackup file does not take a large memory space.
* Norton Ghost

This application helps us membackup overall hard disk, including operating system software and applications and membackup partition. With Norton Ghost you do not need to fuss busy blank disk to install that requires time.

* Antivirus, or is a software utility that helps to provide security against computer viruses. Types of virus have many Worm, Trojan, Backdoor, etc..

C. Software for Computer Security (Antivirus)

Menigkatkan for computer security from viruses and hacker attacks perangakat required software, such as antivirus and firewall. The virus is a program that can penetrate and proliferate itself in the computer storage media. Computer virus that attacks the virus types vary to a local network. When this has been a lot of developing antivirus software, such as Norton AntiVirus, McAfee, Panda titanium, AVG, PC-Cillin, etc.. Impact caused by a virus attack is:

* Spend the memory space or storage media,
* Harass performance memory so slow memory activity,
* Affecting overall computer performance,
* Damage to files that are in the computer, and
* Damage to computer hardware in a long period of time.

Some of the ways that can be used to avoid the attack of the virus are:

* Provide computer with antivirus protection

This is an initial step to provide protection against computer viruses, both viruses and virusd local network.

* To update antivirus and database

After you install a computer with antivirus, then things that should not be forgotten is to always update the antivirus database.

* Be careful of file transfers or downloads the file

The virus can spread through the files, so be careful to file new file that you get results from the download.

* Knowing the condition and performance of computer

Performance computer usually can only be known by the owner. You must be able to know the peculiarity peculiarity happens to your own computer.

* Make backup data regularly

Data is data that is important should your backup routine. You can membackup important files into CD, Flashdisk, or darddisk ekternal.